Discovery 2009 grant supplementary data

Figure 1
3,877,678 heterogeneous brick element model of Pan troglodytes. (A) and (B) Comparison of CT slice (A) with slice through same region of FE model (B). (C) Model prior to addition of musculature. (D) Areas for muscle origins and insertions for major jaw adductors and placement of trusses used to simulate muscle actions. From Wroe et al. (2007).

 
Figure 2
Stress (Von Mises) distributions in frontal views top row (A-D) and cross-sectional views bottom row (E-H) in four simulations of maximal static bites in Pan troglodytes: bilateral bite at the second molars in homogeneous model (A and E), bilateral bite at the second molars in heterogeneous model (B and F), bilateral bite at the second incisors in heterogeneous model (C and G) and unilateral bite at the second molars in heterogeneous model (D and H). MPa = mega pascals. From Wroe et al. (2007).
Figure 3
Movie of stress (Von Mises) distributions in cranium of Pan troglodytes in maximal bite at second molars.

Figure 4
Movie of stress (Von Mises) distributions in cranium and mandible of Australopithecus africanus in bilateral canine bite. This is a preliminary solve. Determination of muscle forces and locations is in progress.

*Wroe, S.;Moreno, K.; Clausen, P.; McHenry, C.; Curnoe, D. 2007. High-resolution computer simulation of hominid cranial mechanics. The Anatomical Record, A290:1248-1255.doi:10.1002/ar.20594